kotlinlang #serialization

Hey guys, I was waiting for 1.0.0, nice work 🙂 I wonder if kotlinx.serialization can be easily be used for converting collection types to actual objects and vice-versa without actually serializing. Or iterate the fields of an object.

peekandpoke

10/30/2020, 12:05 PM

Hi there! I am looking for a way to decode a string into an object without having to know the serializer. Something like:

val type: KType = ...
val result = Json.decodeFromString(ktype, string)

Does this functionality exist? Or asked the other way around: Is there something like a serializer-registry, that will give me the serializer for a given KClass or KType? Thanks!

Christian Maier

10/30/2020, 4:49 PM

Hi there! I’ve just added Kotlin Serialization to my small Android project and now it won’t finish building. Does anyone else here had a similar issue?

Gilles Barbier

10/30/2020, 5:12 PM

Hello, I'm curious, is there an idiomatic way to know at run time if an Any object is serializable ?

Tomasz Krakowiak

11/02/2020, 4:07 PM

Hello, is there any way to legitimately pass serializable parent constructor parameter from serializable child class with generated serializer?

@Serializable
sealed class A(
    val foo: String
) {
    @Serializable
    class B(
        foo: String,
        val bar: String,
	) : A(foo)
}

Getting error "This class is not serializable automatically because it has primary constructor parameters that are not properties"

Tomasz Krakowiak

11/02/2020, 6:07 PM

org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.CompilationException: Back-end (JVM) Internal error: Failed to generate expression: KtNameReferenceExpression
File being compiled: (40,39) in D:/work/workspace/boardgames/games/turingresistance/src/commonMain/kotlin/house/boardgames/games/turingresistance/model/deck/store/CardStore.kt
The root cause java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException was thrown at: org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.context.CodegenContext.getOuterExpression(CodegenContext.java:222)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.ExpressionCodegen.genQualified(ExpressionCodegen.java:335)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.ExpressionCodegen.genQualified(ExpressionCodegen.java:293)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.ExpressionCodegen.gen(ExpressionCodegen.java:414)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.ExpressionCodegen.gen(ExpressionCodegen.java:422)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.ExpressionCodegen.gen(ExpressionCodegen.java:418)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlinx.serialization.compiler.backend.jvm.SerializableCodegenImpl.genInitProperty(SerializableCodegenImpl.kt:279)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlinx.serialization.compiler.backend.jvm.SerializableCodegenImpl.doGenerateConstructorImpl(SerializableCodegenImpl.kt:218)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlinx.serialization.compiler.backend.jvm.SerializableCodegenImpl.access$doGenerateConstructorImpl(SerializableCodegenImpl.kt:38)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlinx.serialization.compiler.backend.jvm.SerializableCodegenImpl$generateInternalConstructor$1.invoke(SerializableCodegenImpl.kt:81)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlinx.serialization.compiler.backend.jvm.SerializableCodegenImpl$generateInternalConstructor$1.invoke(SerializableCodegenImpl.kt:38)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlinx.serialization.compiler.backend.jvm.JVMCodegenUtilKt$generateMethod$1.doGenerateBody(JVMCodegenUtil.kt:141)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.FunctionGenerationStrategy$CodegenBased.generateBody(FunctionGenerationStrategy.java:86)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.FunctionCodegen.generateMethodBody(FunctionCodegen.java:648)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.FunctionCodegen.generateMethodBody(FunctionCodegen.java:483)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.FunctionCodegen.generateMethod(FunctionCodegen.java:259)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.FunctionCodegen.generateMethod(FunctionCodegen.java:164)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlinx.serialization.compiler.backend.jvm.JVMCodegenUtilKt.generateMethod(JVMCodegenUtil.kt:138)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlinx.serialization.compiler.backend.jvm.SerializableCodegenImpl.generateInternalConstructor(SerializableCodegenImpl.kt:81)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlinx.serialization.compiler.backend.common.SerializableCodegen.generateSyntheticInternalConstructor(SerializableCodegen.kt:41)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlinx.serialization.compiler.backend.common.SerializableCodegen.generate(SerializableCodegen.kt:33)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlinx.serialization.compiler.backend.jvm.SerializableCodegenImpl$Companion.generateSerializableExtensions(SerializableCodegenImpl.kt:48)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlinx.serialization.compiler.extensions.SerializationCodegenExtension.generateClassSyntheticParts(SerializationCodegenExtension.kt:29)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.ImplementationBodyCodegen.generateSyntheticPartsAfterBody(ImplementationBodyCodegen.java:440)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.MemberCodegen.generate(MemberCodegen.java:132)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.MemberCodegen.genClassOrObject(MemberCodegen.java:302)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.MemberCodegen.genClassOrObject(MemberCodegen.java:286)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.MemberCodegen.genClassOrObject(MemberCodegen.java:312)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.ClassBodyCodegen.generateDeclaration(ClassBodyCodegen.java:176)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.ClassBodyCodegen.generateBody(ClassBodyCodegen.java:80)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.MemberCodegen.generate(MemberCodegen.java:129)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.MemberCodegen.genClassOrObject(MemberCodegen.java:302)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.MemberCodegen.genClassOrObject(MemberCodegen.java:286)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.PackageCodegenImpl.generateClassesAndObjectsInFile(PackageCodegenImpl.java:119)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.PackageCodegenImpl.generateFile(PackageCodegenImpl.java:138)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.PackageCodegenImpl.generate(PackageCodegenImpl.java:70)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.DefaultCodegenFactory.generatePackage(CodegenFactory.kt:88)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.DefaultCodegenFactory.generateModule(CodegenFactory.kt:67)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.KotlinCodegenFacade.compileCorrectFiles(KotlinCodegenFacade.java:35)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.cli.jvm.compiler.KotlinToJVMBytecodeCompiler.generate(KotlinToJVMBytecodeCompiler.kt:647)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.cli.jvm.compiler.KotlinToJVMBytecodeCompiler.compileModules$cli(KotlinToJVMBytecodeCompiler.kt:210)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.cli.jvm.compiler.KotlinToJVMBytecodeCompiler.compileModules$cli$default(KotlinToJVMBytecodeCompiler.kt:162)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.cli.jvm.K2JVMCompiler.doExecute(K2JVMCompiler.kt:169)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.cli.jvm.K2JVMCompiler.doExecute(K2JVMCompiler.kt:52)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.cli.common.CLICompiler.execImpl(CLICompiler.kt:88)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.cli.common.CLICompiler.execImpl(CLICompiler.kt:44)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.cli.common.CLITool.exec(CLITool.kt:98)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.incremental.IncrementalJvmCompilerRunner.runCompiler(IncrementalJvmCompilerRunner.kt:371)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.incremental.IncrementalJvmCompilerRunner.runCompiler(IncrementalJvmCompilerRunner.kt:105)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.incremental.IncrementalCompilerRunner.compileIncrementally(IncrementalCompilerRunner.kt:249)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.incremental.IncrementalCompilerRunner.access$compileIncrementally(IncrementalCompilerRunner.kt:38)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.incremental.IncrementalCompilerRunner$compile$2.invoke(IncrementalCompilerRunner.kt:80)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.incremental.IncrementalCompilerRunner.compile(IncrementalCompilerRunner.kt:92)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.daemon.CompileServiceImplBase.execIncrementalCompiler(CompileServiceImpl.kt:602)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.daemon.CompileServiceImplBase.access$execIncrementalCompiler(CompileServiceImpl.kt:93)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.daemon.CompileServiceImpl.compile(CompileServiceImpl.kt:1644)
	at jdk.internal.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor98.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:564)
	at java.rmi/sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:359)
	at java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:200)
	at java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:197)
	at java.base/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(AccessController.java:691)
	at java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:196)
	at java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:587)
	at java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:828)
	at java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.lambda$run$0(TCPTransport.java:705)
	at java.base/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(AccessController.java:391)
	at java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:704)
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1130)
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:630)
	at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:832)
Caused by: java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException: Don't know how to generate outer expression: Class: class WordCardStore
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.context.CodegenContext.getOuterExpression(CodegenContext.java:222)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.context.CodegenContext.lookupInContext(CodegenContext.java:563)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.context.MethodContext.lookupInContext(MethodContext.java:83)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.ExpressionCodegen.findCapturedValue(ExpressionCodegen.java:2115)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.ExpressionCodegen.findLocalOrCapturedValue(ExpressionCodegen.java:2106)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.ExpressionCodegen.generateNonIntrinsicSimpleNameExpression(ExpressionCodegen.java:1986)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.ExpressionCodegen.visitSimpleNameExpression(ExpressionCodegen.java:1913)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.ExpressionCodegen.visitSimpleNameExpression(ExpressionCodegen.java:114)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.psi.KtNameReferenceExpression.accept(KtNameReferenceExpression.kt:59)
	at org.jetbrains.kotlin.codegen.ExpressionCodegen.genQualified(ExpressionCodegen.java:311)
	... 70 more

Davide Giuseppe Farella

11/03/2020, 8:33 AM

Good morning, we have a json with a field

type

, we implemented the model with `sealed class`; serialization works flawlessly, but deserialization doesn’t include the field

type

. What is the best way to deal with it? We’re on 1.4.10

Antoine Gagnon

11/03/2020, 6:05 PM

Hi all! Maybe a bit similar to the previous post, but I’m having issues understanding why the

animalType

field isn’t serialized in my code:

@Serializable
abstract class Animal{
    abstract val name : String
    abstract val animalType : String
}

@Serializable
class Dog(override val name:String):Animal(){
    override val animalType: String = "Dog"
}

val rex = Dog("Rex")
val string = Json.encodeToString(Dog.serializer(),rex)
println(string)

The

string

value at the end is always

{"name":"Rex"}

and doesn’t include the

animalType

field

Gilles Barbier

11/05/2020, 5:31 PM

Hi all, following my question here https://kotlinlang.slack.com/archives/C7A1U5PTM/p1604077940258100 - the only way to know at run time if an Any object is serializable and get serializer would be:

fun <T : Any> getSerializer(obj: T) : KSerializer<T>? {
    val companionField = obj::class.java.declaredFields.find {
        it.name == "Companion" && isStatic(it.modifiers)
    } ?: return null

    val companion = companionField.get(obj)
    val serializerMethod = try {
        companion::class.java.getMethod("serializer")
    } catch (e: NoSuchMethodException) {
        return null
    }

    if (serializerMethod.returnType.name !=  KSerializer::class.qualifiedName) {
        return null
    }

    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
    return serializerMethod.invoke(companion) as KSerializer<T>
}

Is it the right way? It's seem a bit cumbersome to me. Why not to add an interface?

Paul Woitaschek

11/06/2020, 6:20 AM

Is there any way to get the type of a polymorphic serialization? I'm serializing a sealed class to protobuf but I also need to know the unique

type

of the child class

Ivan Colovic

11/09/2020, 10:32 AM

Hi everyone. I’m trying to create a custom Serializer for the following class.

class TreeNode(
    val value: MyData
) {
    val children = listOf<TreeNode>()
}

I’m trying to have the

value

field named dynamically based on its type (many classes inherit from

MyData

). Something like:

{
   "data_one":{
      ...
   },
   "children":[
      {
         "data_two":{
            ...
         },
         "children":[
            {
               "data_three":{
                  ...
               },
               "children":[
                  
               ]
            },
            {
               "data_one":{
                  ...
               },
               "children":[
                  
               ]
            }
         ]
      }
   ]
}

How do I define the

SerialDescriptor

element that represents the collection of its own type? Right now, I have:

override val descriptor: SerialDescriptor = buildClassSerialDescriptor("TreeNode") {
        element<DataOne>("data_one")
        element<DataTwo>("data_two")
        element<DataThree>("data_three")
        element("children", listSerialDescriptor<TreeNode>()) // this crashes because I'm trying to use the descriptor I'm currently creating
    }

When I change the

listSerialDescriptor<TreeNode>()

to for example

listSerialDescriptor<String>()

it encodes it the way I want it to, but I'm getting errors when decoding. How do I approach this? Still new to the library I hope I was clear enough 🙇‍♂️ Thanks!

Marc Plano-Lesay

11/12/2020, 2:37 AM

Hi, I'm finally upgrading from Kotlin 1.3 to 1.4, and kotlinx.serialization from 0.20 to 1.0.1 at the same time. I was relying on

JsonDecodingException

and

MissingFieldException

being visible to slightly alter my error messages. They're now internal (defined here: https://github.com/Kotlin/kotlinx.serialization/blob/v1.0.1/core/commonMain/src/kotlinx/serialization/SerializationException.kt). Is there a way to get that distinction post 0.20?

Nish Patel

11/12/2020, 5:15 PM

i'm new to kotlin and i need help in regarding parsing json to sealed class using kotlin.serialization library, whats the difference between serializer and serialName

pajatopmr

11/13/2020, 1:55 PM

I've been through the serialization guide (very impressive piece of work) but how to deal with custom deserializers for polymorphic classes (cannot use "type" discriminant) has eluded me. Can someone refer me to which section(s) of the guide might contain the information I need?

Emerson Farrugia

11/17/2020, 10:11 AM

Hi 👋 There wasn't an answer to this 5 months ago, wondering if anything's changed. I'm trying to reuse chunks of related properties in DTOs, but the current API has them all flattened out. 😕

bram93

11/17/2020, 7:39 PM

Hi, I was wondering, could

kottlinx.serialization

be utilized to parse a

GraphQLType

(from graphql-java) and map it to a POJO without reflection costs? Using a custom format of some sort?

bbaldino

11/17/2020, 10:22 PM

Is it possible to define a method such that it only accepts

@Serializable

types? I have a method that I want to be able to accept any type (Int, Boolean, some object, etc.) such that it can be serialized to Json via

encodeToString

Shan

11/18/2020, 7:29 PM

Hey all. I have an error with Intellij where the

serializer()

function is not being recognized, nor the

@Serializable

annotation, but the dependencies are being built correctly and everything works as intended. The

@Serializable

annotation has a warning that the Kotlinx.Serialization compiler plugin is not applied to the module (which is not true), and the

Foo.serializer()

function is showing up as not being found (I'm assuming as a result of Intellij thinking that the kotlinx.serialization compile plugin not being applied). Anyone know how to fix this? I've updated my Intellij to the latest version, as well as Kotlinx.Serialization library to no avail.

Igor Brishkoski

11/20/2020, 9:23 PM

I wrote a deserializer for a List of type Any

List<Any>

and it works fine when I try to encode/decode the list on it’s own with

Json

When I added it to my class, which is a member of a sealed class, I get this error.

Serializer has not been found for type 'Any'. To use context serializer as fallback, explicitly annotate type or property with @Contextual

@Serializable
    @SerialName("Sign")
    data class Sign(
        @Serializable(with = ListAnySerializer::class)
        val payload: List<Any>
    ) : SealedClass()

jaguililla

11/21/2020, 4:35 PM

Hi. Do you know if

kotlinx.serialization

provides the functionality to convert a

Map

to a type as Jackson’s

ObjectMapper.convertValue

do? Thanks!

BollywoodVillain

11/23/2020, 5:46 PM

Hi, n00b Kotlin dev here: Is there a way to convert the `val`s in the

@Serializable

data class while encoding? e.g. Given a data class: data class

MyClass(val accessible: Boolean)

and given the input JSON

{ "accessible": "yes" }

, can we convert the

accessible

Boolean

from

String

while encoding?

BollywoodVillain

11/24/2020, 7:00 AM

How do we flatten a JSON with nested elements into a single class? E.g. I’ve to following OSM data that I need to have in just one class, without creating a subclass for `tags`:

{
  "type": "node",
  "id": 66917229,
  "lat": 52.5167295,
  "lon": 13.3797732,
  "tags": {
    "addr:city": "Berlin",
    "addr:housenumber": "4a",
    "addr:postcode": "10117",
    "addr:street": "Pariser Platz",
    "amenity": "cafe",
    "brand": "Starbucks",
    "name": "Starbucks",
    "website": "<https://www.starbucks.de/store-locator/store/2099/pariser-platz-pariser-platz-4-a-berlin-be-10117-de>",
    "wheelchair": "yes",
    "wifi": "free"
  }
}

I am using custom Serializer but I’m a bit lost on how to unwrap the nested values in the

deserialize

function for the nested tags element. Any help is highly appreciated.

Chris Ruddell

11/24/2020, 4:34 PM

Is there any way to serialize a generic/Any object, if the actual implementation class was marked with

@Serializable

? I have a lot of classes marked with

@Serializable

, but would like to have a single function to serialize them into JSON. For instance, something like

fun Any.toJson(): String = serializer.encodeToString(this)

Here’s what I’ve tried:

class JsonTest {

    val serializer = Json {
        serializersModule = SerializersModule {
            contextual(MyModel.serializer())
        }
    }

    // this works
    fun MyModel.toModelJson(): String = serializer.encodeToString(this)

    // this does not
    fun Any.toJson(): String = serializer.encodeToString(this)

    @Serializable
    data class MyModel (val name: String)

    @Test
    fun testJson() {

        val model = MyModel("test")
        val modelJson = model.toModelJson()
        assertTrue(modelJson.isNotEmpty())

        val genericJson = model.toJson()
        assertTrue(genericJson.isNotEmpty())
    }
}

Exception thrown:

kotlinx.serialization.SerializationException: Serializer for class 'Any' is not found.

TwoClocks

11/24/2020, 7:48 PM

does typealias information survive serialization?

rocketraman

12/01/2020, 2:52 PM

I'm trying to use Avro4k with Apache Beam by creating a generic

CustomCoder

implementation that can handle any

@Serializable

. Avro4k needs a

KSerializer<T>

. How can I obtain the

KSerializer

at runtime? Keep in mind that in Beam

Coder

needs to be serializable itself, so

KSerializer

KType

cannot be a property of the coder i.e. this does not work, nor does passing in `KType`:

class Avro4kCoder<T: Any>(private val serializer: KSerializer<T>): CustomCoder<T>() {
  override fun encode(value: T, outStream: OutputStream) {
    Avro.default.openOutputStream(serializer) {
      encodeFormat = AvroEncodeFormat.Binary
    }.to(outStream).write(value).flush()
  }
  override fun decode(inStream: InputStream): T? {
    return Avro.default.openInputStream(serializer) {
      decodeFormat = AvroDecodeFormat.Binary(Avro.default.schema(serializer))
    }.from(inStream).next()
  }
}

rocketraman

12/01/2020, 6:47 PM

Let me ask the question again in a different way. Obviously its possible to retrieve a serializer if one knows the type e.g.:

val stringToColorMapSerializer: KSerializer<Map<String, Color>> = serializer()

However, is it possible to retrieve a serializer generically? Since

class

definitions can't have reified

, the normal workaround is to pass in a

Class<T>

. If I know that

is an

@Serializable

can I get the

KSerializer<T>

from

Class<T>

Chris Fillmore

12/03/2020, 4:18 PM

The only thing I want to serialize in the above is the

headers

, which I can get from

toMap()

Thomas

12/03/2020, 8:20 PM

I noticed that kotlinx.serialization has support for Linux arm targets. It would be great if you could share how you set up testing for those targets. I would really like to see Linux arm support for kotlinx.coroutines but it is unsupported due to testing. Could someone from kotlinx.serialization please share their experience here? https://github.com/Kotlin/kotlinx.coroutines/issues/855

Byron Katz

12/05/2020, 5:08 PM

I want to catch on that so I can switch it to our own application exception, but in the current circumstances all I can do is catch on a general exception.

pajatopmr

12/06/2020, 3:29 PM

I am trying to model a TypeScript document using Kotlin. No small challenge. Any suggestions on how to model something like this snippet:

someProvider?: boolean | string | SomeOptions;

My current solution is to create a sealed class

SomeProvider

with subclasses:

BooleanProvider

StringProvider

, and

OptionsProvider

so that I have the Kotlin snippet,

someProvider: SomeProvider?

which works but feels sub-optimal. Alternative suggestions much appreciated.

Title

pajatopmr

12/06/2020, 3:29 PM

I am trying to model a TypeScript document using Kotlin. No small challenge. Any suggestions on how to model something like this snippet:

someProvider?: boolean | string | SomeOptions;

My current solution is to create a sealed class

SomeProvider

with subclasses:

BooleanProvider

StringProvider

, and

OptionsProvider

so that I have the Kotlin snippet,

someProvider: SomeProvider?

which works but feels sub-optimal. Alternative suggestions much appreciated.

andylamax

12/06/2020, 9:03 PM

what do you mean when you say you trying to model a TS document? What is your end goal?

pajatopmr

12/06/2020, 9:57 PM

That is a way too open question, but I'll be brief: my goal is to replace Jacoco for Kotlin with a better tool that works on the source rather than an intermediate form and to get there it would be good to have a library that supports Microsoft's LSP. Since LSP is specified using TypeScript and since Kotln is my language of choice these days a TypeScript interface to a Kotlin something is necessary. There is LSP4E/J but I'd rather keep it pure Kotlin and eventually get to a MPP final result. While I do enjoy talking about the end goal, the serialization issue at hand will be much more helpful. Have I given you enough information so you can offer a suggestion? You can see some of my early work up on GitLab and the LSP spec is here.

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