Does 5 variations of Material Surface color only happen on dynamic theme? I'm talking about Surface variation that depend on elevation.

If you’re talking about Material 3, and you are talking about tonal elevation, then no it happens on material 3 as a whole, not just when using dynamic colors. Since what it does in order to calculate this color is call this function with

surfaceTint

being what you set as

surfaceTint

in your m3 colorScheme, which “mixes” with your other color.

Thanks, that's what I needed to know.

Indeed, you can either set tonalElevation by dp values on certain Material components like Surface, or use that function directly.