I have ```sealed class Bounds<in T : Comparable<T>> { abstract operator fun contains...

# getting-started

[Ruckus]

I have

sealed class Bounds<in T : Comparable<T>> {
    abstract operator fun contains(value: T): Boolean
}

And I want

object Unbounded : Bounds<Any?> {
    override fun contains(value: Any?) = true
}

However, I cannot as Any? violates the type bound. Is there a way to specify the type to make this work?

[Sam]

Typically this is done with the @UnsafeVariance annotation — for example the built-in collections do this

[Ruckus]

Unsafe variance is for violating in and out. My goal is to specify that Unbounded works for any comparable.

[Sam]

You’re right, I misunderstood the question, sorry

[Youssef Shoaib [MOD]]

Apparently this works:

sealed class Bounds<in T : Comparable<T>> {
    abstract operator fun contains(value: T): Boolean
}
object Unbounded : Bounds<Comparable<Comparable<*>>>() {
    override fun contains(value: Comparable<Comparable<*>>) = true
}

[Youssef Shoaib [MOD]]

Not sure why the nested `Comparable`s are needed, but hey it runs at least

[Sam]

Another solution is

class Unbounded<in T : Comparable<T>> : Bounds<T>() {
    override fun contains(value: T) = true
}

if you can live with it not being a singleton

[Youssef Shoaib [MOD]]

I would've expected that Comparable<*> would be a subtype of Comparable<T> where T: Comparable<T> but I guess not?

[Youssef Shoaib [MOD]]

This also works:

sealed class Bounds<in T : Comparable<T>> {
    abstract operator fun contains(value: T): Boolean
}
object Unbounded : Bounds<Comparable<Any?>>() {
    override fun contains(value: Comparable<Any?>) = true
}

Which I think (maybe?) makes more sense. Comparable's T is in, and so Comparable<*> is in reality Comparable<Nothing>, which I think then isn't a subtype of Comparable<Comparable<Nothing>> because it can only accept arguments of type Nothing.
Hopefully that makes a bit more sense lol! Generic variance is truly out of this world...

[Ruckus]

@Youssef Shoaib [MOD] Those get rid of the error, but they don't actually work:

interface B : Comparable<B>
class A(val spec: Bounds<B> = Unbounded)  // Error is now here

[Ruckus]

@Sam Yeah, that's what I'm currently using, but I was hoping for a singleton solution to match another part of the API more closely.

[Youssef Shoaib [MOD]]

I think the easiest solution is this:

sealed class Bounds<in T : Comparable<T>> {
    abstract operator fun contains(value: T): Boolean
}

object Unbounded : Bounds<Comparable<Any?>>() {
    override fun contains(value: Comparable<Any?>) = true
}

fun <T: Comparable<T>> unbounded(): Bounds<T> = Unbounded as Bounds<T>

interface B : Comparable<B>

class A(val spec: Bounds<B> = unbounded())

[Ruckus]

Indeed, that works. Feels a bit hacky, but may be the best option.

[Michael de Kaste]

late response, but this looks a lot like my range custom range implementation that looks like this for 'unbounded' ranges:

sealed interface Range<T : Comparable<T>>{
    interface Open<T : Comparable<T>> : Range<T> {
        override fun contains(value: T) = true
    }
}

internal object OpenRange = Range.Open<Nothing>

fun <T : Comparable<T>> openRange() = Range.OPEN as Open<T>

its akin to how List<T> and emptyList() is used by kotlin self, you only have a cast problem, but you'll have to surpress that. Kotlin itself uses unsafevariance and stuff to surpress the cast warnings. The main takeaway is that unbounded should probably be Nothing, not Any?