I think they can, but I'm not fully sure. Basically, the old frontend definitely would allow for this I think, but the new one (I'm pretty sure) doesn't allow you to change the signature of declarations. The new frontend is the default for Kotlin 2.0, which is coming out by the end of this year.
Also, not sure if Arrow meta has support for new frontend yet, but with the new frontend you can declare custom checkers that can emit warnings, so actually what you can do is make a FIR plugin that declares a checker which reports an error if an annotated function is called without named arguments