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As for things related to these functions throwing exceptions, that is not the reason they are in IO only. You could capture exceptions with `Try` even when being unable to suspend effects. When we run: `Try { println("whatever") }` the effect is immediately executed, not suspended and exceptions are still captured. It is true though that since `MonadDefer` and `IO` extend or provide instances of `MonadError&lt;F, Throwable&gt;` when you call `MonadDefer&lt;F&gt;#invoke` or `IO#invoke` if when the IO loop runs whatever you placed in there threw an exception it would be encapsulated and it would not blow the stack and you can get it back whenever you want with `attempt` or `handle|handleWith`