@thomasnield An interesting thought: a programmer learns a language, the scientist learns a specific tool. So for scientist, it does not really matter, what language he works with, it is important, what tools are available in that language ecosystem. In this regard, R is dead since all tools from R are available in Python, but Python has more. Matlab (or at least its scientific application) also does not have a future. It could be easier to use than Python, but it does not have anything new compared to Python.