Am having in issue trying to build a native image ...

# gradle

[Rafael Scott]

Am having in issue trying to build a native image for my Kotlin console program using the GraalVM Gradle Plugin when trying to invoke: ./gradlew nativeComplie :

> Task :generateResourcesConfigFile
[native-image-plugin] Resources configuration written into /Users/pnwlover/sample/build/native/generated/generateResourcesConfigFile/resource-config.json

> Task :nativeCompile
[native-image-plugin] GraalVM Toolchain detection is enabled
[native-image-plugin] GraalVM uses toolchain detection. Selected:
[native-image-plugin]    - language version: 21
[native-image-plugin]    - vendor: Oracle
[native-image-plugin]    - runtime version: 21+35-jvmci-23.1-b15
[native-image-plugin] Native Image executable path: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/graalvm-jdk-21+35.1/Contents/Home/lib/svm/bin/native-image
Warning: Ignoring server-mode native-image argument --no-server.
Warning: The option '-H:ReflectionConfigurationFiles=/Users/pnwlover/sample/src/main/resources/reflection.json' is experimental and must be enabled via '-H:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions' in the future.
Warning: Please re-evaluate whether any experimental option is required, and either remove or unlock it. The build output lists all active experimental options, including where they come from and possible alternatives. If you think an experimental option should be considered as stable, please file an issue.
========================================================================================================================
GraalVM Native Image: Generating 'sample' (executable)...
========================================================================================================================
For detailed information and explanations on the build output, visit:
<https://github.com/oracle/graal/blob/master/docs/reference-manual/native-image/BuildOutput.md>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1/8] Initializing...                                                                                    (3.8s @ 0.30GB)
 Java version: 21+35, vendor version: Oracle GraalVM 21+35.1
 Graal compiler: optimization level: 2, target machine: armv8-a, PGO: off
 C compiler: cc (apple, arm64, 15.0.0)
 Garbage collector: Serial GC (max heap size: 80% of RAM)
 1 user-specific feature(s):
 - com.oracle.svm.thirdparty.gson.GsonFeature
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 experimental option(s) unlocked:
 - '-H:ReflectionConfigurationFiles' (origin(s): command line)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Build resources:
 - 26.49GB of memory (27.6% of 96.00GB system memory, determined at start)
 - 12 thread(s) (100.0% of 12 available processor(s), determined at start)
[2/8] Performing analysis...  [*]                                                                        (9.1s @ 1.52GB)
    7,479 reachable types   (83.7% of    8,938 total)
    9,628 reachable fields  (56.4% of   17,068 total)
   37,525 reachable methods (52.8% of   71,036 total)
    2,417 types,   119 fields, and 1,859 methods registered for reflection
        1 native library: -framework CoreServices

Error: Classes that should be initialized at run time got initialized during image building:
 kotlin.DeprecationLevel was unintentionally initialized at build time. To see why kotlin.DeprecationLevel got initialized use --trace-class-initialization=kotlin.DeprecationLevel
To see how the classes got initialized, use --trace-class-initialization=kotlin.DeprecationLevel
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        1.7s (12.3% of total time) in 40 GCs | Peak RSS: 2.82GB | CPU load: 7.49
========================================================================================================================
Finished generating 'sample' in 13.1s.

> Task :nativeCompile FAILED

[Rafael Scott]

`build.gradle.kts`:

plugins {
    kotlin("jvm") version "1.9.23"
    id("org.graalvm.buildtools.native") version "0.10.2"
    kotlin("plugin.serialization") version "2.0.0"
}

group = "com.sample"
version = "1.0-SNAPSHOT"

graalvmNative {
    toolchainDetection.set(true)
    binaries {
        named("main") {
            imageName.set("sample-cli")
            mainClass.set("com.sample.ApplicationKt")
            buildArgs.add("--enable-http")
            buildArgs.add("--enable-url-protocols=https")
            buildArgs.add("--report-unsupported-elements-at-runtime")
            buildArgs.add("--no-fallback")
            buildArgs.add("--no-server")
            buildArgs.add("-H:ReflectionConfigurationFiles=${rootProject.projectDir}/src/main/resources/reflection.json")
            buildArgs.add("-H:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions")
        }
        named("test") {
            buildArgs.add("-O0")
        }
    }
    binaries.all {
        resources.autodetect()
    }
}

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
    implementation("org.slf4j:slf4j-simple:2.0.13")
    implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-json:1.7.1")
    testImplementation(kotlin("test"))
}

tasks.test {
    useJUnitPlatform()
}
kotlin {
    jvmToolchain(21)
}

`Customer.kt`:

package com.sample.domain

import kotlinx.serialization.Serializable
import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonElement

@Serializable
data class Customer(val name: String? = null, val email: String? = null, val customerId: Int? = 0)

Required config file `src/main/resources/reflection.json`:

[
  {
    "name": "com.sample.domain.Customer",
    "unsafeAllocated": true
  }
]

[Rafael Scott]

Am able to build a sample console Kotlin project using ./gradlew clean build but am unable to generate a native image using the GraalVM native gradle plugin...

[Rafael Scott]

The actual program runs via IntelliJ its just the native image generation via gradle is broken for some odd reason...

[Vampire]

You are getting an error from GraalVM, you should probably ask in an according community. This is not more Gradle related than that you use Gradle to run the tool.

[Rafael Scott]

Fixed the issue, it need this as the parameter / flag (aka buildArg) inside the GraalVM Gradle Plug-in section: --initialize-at-build-time

graalvmNative {
    toolchainDetection.set(true)
    binaries {
        named("main") {
            imageName.set("sample-cli")
            mainClass.set("com.sample.ApplicationKt")
            buildArgs.add("--initialize-at-build-time")
            buildArgs.add("--enable-http")
            buildArgs.add("--enable-url-protocols=https")
            buildArgs.add("--report-unsupported-elements-at-runtime")
            buildArgs.add("--no-fallback")
            buildArgs.add("--no-server")
            buildArgs.add("-H:ReflectionConfigurationFiles=${rootProject.projectDir}/src/main/resources/reflection.json")
            buildArgs.add("-H:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions")
        }
        named("test") {
            buildArgs.add("-O0")
        }
    }
    binaries.all {
        resources.autodetect()
    }
}

Someone helped resolve this out after posting I posted a question about it on Stack Overflow:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/78745329/graalvm-native-gradle-plugin-using-nativecompile-fails-using-nativecompile-task