If by "a kotlin file", you mean "a file containing Kotlin source code", then the answer is no AFAIK -- the Kotlin compiler does not run on Android, unless they added support for it when I was not looking.
If by "a kotlin file" you mean "a JAR containing compiled Kotlin source code", then the answer is no -- Android at runtime cannot use JARs.
If by "a kotlin file" you mean "a DEX file converted from a JAR containing compiled Kotlin source code", then the answer is yes, but you may want to talk to an attorney first. Doing this goes against the terms of service for the Play Store (and perhaps for other app distribution channels), because it is very difficult to do this securely.