I myself am a fullstack dev and just started learning android recently so take that under consideration.
In general the best way to learn stuff is to make projects, same goes for android. Just start making apps that are more and more complex, one simple screen with current weather info would be great at first.
From what I understood from the android docs, MVVM is the way to go for now. In other words LiveData, ViewModel etc are indeed essential.
Compose is great but simply isn't there yet, there's no navigation built in, no pre-made components (you have to build everything from scratch basically)