If I define a function outside a class and want to access it with reflection, under which 'class' do I find it?

I think it's just a static function in a anomalous class someplace.

unless overridden with

@file:JvmName

, top-level functions and properties are compiled into a class named after the filename plus "kt", see https://kotlinlang.org/docs/java-to-kotlin-interop.html#package-level-functions