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why is it suggested i also override `hashCode()` for a class whenever i override `equals()`? I don't even know what the former does

The relationship between `hashcode` and `equals` is something you should know about when doing work on the JVM. The JavaDoc for those two methods is a good start. Most important: If `a.equals(b)` is true, then `a.hashCode()` and `b.hashCode()` have to return the same value. If you don't adhere to  this contract, then things like HashMap and HashSet won't work properly.