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can someone explain to me the underlying mechanism which tells dispatchers what coroutines are ready to be resumed? Is it some sort of queue?

It depends on the dispatcher implementation. Usually, it is a queue, yes.

do you know of any further reading I can do on this? I want to _really_ understand how this work under the hood

If you really want to understand how it works under the hood, your best option is to go into the hood, starting by cloning this repository: <https://github.com/Kotlin/kotlinx.coroutines>

First, check official guide:
<https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/coroutines/coroutine-context-and-dispatchers.html#dispatchers-and-threads>

This video explains it: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2dOOBN1OQI>

This video mostly about lock-free algorithms, not so related to dispatcher implementation