It's pretty good, at least compared to Spring Boot which was one of the candidates that we considered back then. It has won on both performance and resource usage for our specific use-cases, that's why we opted for it.
To be fair, it was compared to the latest release of SB 2.x available at that time, which iirc was relatively close to its official release and birth of 2.0. So, I don't know if it was a fair fight to begin with.
As for the learning curve, it was pretty easy for newcomers to jump in I reckon. The APIs and threading model are relatively easy to understand and reason about and we don't actually use that many Vert.x modules/plugins.
I don't really remember, but I believe we might've done a couple of sessions on Vert.x and that was it. Everything else just came during BAU work.