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<@U0BA5R9KL> today I had a very brief discussion with Breslav and <@U2E974ELT> about type-safe matrix dimensions. They think that it could make sense for some tasks, so I will probably will give another try to your idea. Currently 2D-strucutres are thin inline wrappers around ND-structures, so it should be quite easy to add another inline wrapper with type-based dimensions without breaking anything. I will create a prototype based on your ideas and we can discuss it after that.

Cool! If you're looking for ideas, singleton types with dimension encoded in the name is one way: &lt;https://github.com/breandan/kotlingrad/blob/master/src/main/kotlin/edu/umontreal/kotlingrad/samples/ToyMatrixExample.kt#L186-L204&gt;
For array literals, you can use function arity to disambiguate: &lt;https://github.com/breandan/kotlingrad/blob/master/src/main/kotlin/edu/umontreal/kotlingrad/samples/ToyVectorExample.kt#L212-L220&gt;
Otherwise, you can always fall back to runtime shape checking for dynamically sized collections: &lt;https://github.com/breandan/kotlingrad/blob/d13a0b057f7adfc9b35b5618b2ba25247aaa85a0/src/main/kotlin/edu/umontreal/kotlingrad/dependent/Vec.kt#L6&gt;