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What's the difference between Box and Surface components?
The Surface looks like a Material Theme specific component and that's it?

Basically. `Box` is becoming the new `Stack` as well <https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/frameworks/support/+/1427737>

`Surface` sets some theme parameters for its content as well as elevation/shape clipping.

Box always felt like a generic purpose layout. Now it's becoming `Stack` feels right. `Surface` as you said in your question is related to material design <https://material.io/design/environment/surfaces.html#material-environment>