Yeah, so there are a few things here.
• JVM vs MPP - Both Desktop and Android are JVM-capable, but they don't always have the same actuals for some of the lower-level APIs. If your composable depends only upon JVM class names that are not platform-specific expect/actuals, I think the same jar file could be used on both platforms. Most composables I think don't rely on platform-specific implementations, so this should be fine.
• Maven Dependencies - When you publish a library on maven, you typically specify dependencies. This gets tricky, because do you depend on the artifacts published by Jetbrains or on the artifacts published by Google? Whichever one you choose, anyone using the other provider will likely get tripped up by gradle's dependency resolution. I believe it is possible to force the resolution (perhaps we can provide some docs on this), but this is where most people get tripped up I think.
TLDR: Yes, you can create shared UI in the common layer, but there are a couple of rough edges that might trip you up if you don't set them up properly.