it is describing the netlink protocol used for routing; netlink is used for some local IPC on Linux, both within the kernel, within userspace, and across the boundary.
if you want to interact with the routing tables, you should probably wrap libnl-route instead of dealing with netlink directly:
https://www.infradead.org/~tgr/libnl/doc/api/group__rtnl.html
not that it's well documented either, but at least it'll handle the low-level protocol details