Does kotlin emit different bytecode for both android and desktop? Assuming both compile for the same source and same target, and both compile the exact same class

Android will take the .class files and turn them into .dex (the format of the Android JVM)

Hmmm

You can open an apk in Android Studio, it'll show the .dex files inside (or you can just unzip it too)

Yea

Tell me what exactly you want to do, I can help. The bytecode is a bit more complicated than smali. But both of them are very easy to learn, except that the JVM is a stack machine and ART is a register machine. You can easily convert one to the other.