Consider that in Compose is designed to handle deeply nested layouts, and that there's really nothing special to a layout at all; it doesn't define any colors, interactions, or even clipping by itself. All that stuff that might be more tighly coupled to layouts in other UI toolkits are all done through Modifiers.
And that's precisely where Surface, Card, and other more specialized "layouts" come into the picture. But those are all just built upon the same primitive layouts and Modifiers, and still don't really mean anything special in themselves other than the opinionated use of layouts/modifiers